{"id":26988,"date":"2021-08-31T15:13:10","date_gmt":"2021-08-31T13:13:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balkon.art\/home\/?p=26988"},"modified":"2021-12-06T11:45:18","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T10:45:18","slug":"ez-a-jovo-ami-most-van","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balkon.art\/home\/ez-a-jovo-ami-most-van\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eEz a j\u00f6v\u0151, ami most van\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” advanced_gradient_angle=”0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=”” gradient_type=”default”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

Interj\u00fa Janka Vukmirral, a 90s: Scars<\/em>\u00a0c\u00edm\u0171 ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s kur\u00e1tor\u00e1val<\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”p-2-0″]\n

90s: Scars<\/em><\/h2>\n

MMSU, Rijeka
\n2021. j\u00fanius 27 \u2013 szeptember 27.1<\/span><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

\u00c1fra J\u00e1nos:<\/span> Milyen s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sekre utal a 90s: Scars\u00a0(90-es \u00e9vek: Hegek)<\/span> ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s c\u00edm\u00e9ben szerepl\u0151 \u201ehegek\u201d sz\u00f3? Melyek voltak azok a meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi-t\u00e1rsadalmi mozg\u00e1sok, amelyek nyomot hagytak a t\u00e1rlat m\u0171v\u00e9szeinek2<\/span> munk\u00e1in az 1990-es \u00e9vekt\u0151l napjainkig?<\/p>\n

Janka Vukmir:<\/span> A t\u00e1rlat a politikai, gazdas\u00e1gi, kultur\u00e1lis, t\u00e1rsadalmi, technol\u00f3giai \u00e9s inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok id\u0151beli nyomair\u00f3l besz\u00e9l, amelyeket \u00e1t\u00e9lt\u00fcnk. Eleinte \u00e1tmenetinek tekintett\u00fck ezeket, \u00e9s azt hitt\u00fck, a folyamat, amit egyszer elkezdt\u00fcnk, v\u00e9get \u00e9rhet. Nem arra gondolok, hogy a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok le\u00e1lln\u00e1nak, hiszen soha semmi sem \u00e9r v\u00e9get t\u00e9nylegesen ezen a t\u00e9ren. A v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok nem fognak befejez\u0151dni, de az intenzit\u00e1sukat le kellene lass\u00edtani n\u00e9h\u00e1ny l\u00e1that\u00f3 vagy megragadhat\u00f3 k\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9ssel, \u00edgy a t\u00e1rsadalmak \u00faj m\u00f3dszereket tal\u00e1lhatn\u00e1nak az \u00e1talakul\u00e1s feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra, s pozit\u00edv ir\u00e1nyba fejl\u0151dhetn\u00e9nek tov\u00e1bb. Ezt ugyan egyel\u0151re nem l\u00e1tjuk megval\u00f3sulni, de az\u00e9rt sok minden jobbra fordult.<\/p>\n

A posztszovjet t\u00e1rsadalmak hat\u00e1rozottan, k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl, nagyon gyors \u00fctemben haladtak a korrupci\u00f3 \u00e9s kapzsis\u00e1g, a meg\u00fajult nacionalizmus, az \u00e9rt\u00e9kek, a tud\u00e1s, az oktat\u00e1s, a kultur\u00e1lis rendszerek decentraliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa, a m\u0171v\u00e9szek \u00e9s a n\u0151k helyzet\u00e9nek megv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa, a szeg\u00e9nys\u00e9g, a t\u00e1rsadalmi er\u0151szak \u00e9s a bizonytalans\u00e1g er\u0151s\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek ir\u00e1ny\u00e1ba. A nyugati vil\u00e1g hasonl\u00f3 minta szerint m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt, csak kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 brut\u00e1lis v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok k\u00f6zepette, \u00e9s \u00edgy jobban fel volt k\u00e9sz\u00fclve. Ugyanakkor, mivel m\u00e1s kiindul\u00e1si helyzetben volt, Eur\u00f3pa krit\u00e9riumokat \u00e9s elv\u00e1r\u00e1sokat t\u00e1maszthatott a keleti orsz\u00e1gokkal szemben. \u00c1m m\u00e9g a legpozit\u00edvabb elem, az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3hoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s egyszer\u0171s\u00e9ge is sz\u00f6rny\u0171 m\u00e9diaviselked\u00e9st v\u00e1ltott ki. Mindez \u2013 hozz\u00e1adva a kommunista igazs\u00e1gtalans\u00e1gok m\u00e1r megl\u00e9v\u0151 hegeihez \u2013 olyan, nem t\u00fal j\u00f3l funkcion\u00e1l\u00f3 t\u00e1rsadalmak k\u00e9p\u00e9t rajzolja ki, amelyek k\u00e9ptelenek megfelel\u0151en szolg\u00e1lni a polg\u00e1raikat. Ezekb\u0151l a t\u00e1rsadalmakb\u00f3l hi\u00e1nyoznak a kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00e9pess\u00e9gek, r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul tele vannak megosztotts\u00e1ggal, \u00e9s tov\u00e1bbadj\u00e1k ezeket a hegeket a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 gener\u00e1ci\u00f3nak is. A kort\u00e1rs m\u0171v\u00e9szeknek nem volt m\u00e1s v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa, mint el\u0151sz\u00f6r komment\u00e1lni a t\u00fcneteket, azt\u00e1n pedig \u2013 amint megtanult\u00e1k a demokr\u00e1ci\u00e1t \u2013 akt\u00edvan kivenni a r\u00e9sz\u00fcket a t\u00e1rsadalmi folyamatokb\u00f3l.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” el_class=”box-l20″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-0″][divider line_type=”Small Line” line_alignment=”default” line_thickness=”4″ divider_color=”extra-color-2″ custom_height=”20″ custom_line_width=”100″][vc_column_text]\n

1<\/p>\n

https:\/\/mmsu.hr\/en\/event\/90s-scars-3\/<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/p>\n

Alban Hajdinaj, Gentian Shkurti (AL); Luchezar Boyadiev, Kiril Prashkov, (BG); Maja Bajevi\u0107, Neboj\u0161a \u0160eri\u0107 \u0160oba (BiH); Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010cernick\u00fd, Luk\u00e1\u0161 Jasansk\u00fd and Martin Pol\u00e1k (CZ); Kai Kaljo (EST); Boris Cvjetanovi\u0107, Vlasta Delimar, Ivan Faktor, Antun Mara\u010di\u0107, Slaven Tolj (HR); Bencz\u00far Emese, V\u00e1rnai Gyula (HU); Yerbossyn Meldibekov (Kazahstan); Albert Heta (Kosovo); Catalina Bucos (MLD); Dan Perjovschi (RO); LED Art, \u0160KART (RS); Oleg Kulik, Vadim Zakharov (RU); Tadej Poga\u010dar, RIGUSRS \/ Alenka Pirman, Vuk \u0106osi\u0107, Irena Woelle (SI); Ilona N\u00e9meth (SK); Igor To\u0161evski (SMK); Alexandr Roitburd, Arsen Savadov (UA)<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-cont-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”27005″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”full-img”][vc_column_text]\n

Luchezar Boyadjiev: Otthon\/V\u00e1ros,<\/em> 1998 (2018), szerz\u0151i rekonstrukci\u00f3, digit\u00e1lis nyomtat\u00e1s vinylre \u00e9s pap\u00edrra, Sz\u00f3fia sematikus t\u00e9rk\u00e9pe, 28 A\/4-es m\u00e9ret\u0171 digit\u00e1lis nyomat k\u00e9zzel k\u00e9sz\u00edtett fot\u00f3koll\u00e1zsok ut\u00e1n, 250\u00d7500 cm \u00a9 Fot\u00f3k: \u00c1fra J\u00e1nos<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

\u00c1J:<\/span> A hat\u00e1rok megnyit\u00e1s\u00e1val a m\u0171v\u00e9szek nemzetk\u00f6zi mozg\u00e1sa is fel\u00e9l\u00e9nk\u00fclt, term\u00e9szetesen els\u0151sorban a keleti orsz\u00e1gokb\u00f3l nyugati ir\u00e1nyba. Hogyan hat\u00e1rozta meg ez a r\u00e9gi\u00f3 m\u0171v\u00e9szeti folyamatainak alakul\u00e1s\u00e1t?<\/p>\n

JV:<\/span> Ez egy j\u00f3 \u00e9s nagyon \u00f6sszetett k\u00e9rd\u00e9s. Term\u00e9szetesen a hat\u00e1rok megnyit\u00e1sa \u00e9s a mobilit\u00e1s lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge hatalmas v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s volt a posztkommunista \u00e1llamokban a polg\u00e1rok t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. A kor\u00e1bbi Keletre ker\u00fcl\u0151 f\u00f3kusz \u2013 mind kultur\u00e1lis, mind p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi szempontb\u00f3l \u2013 a 90-es \u00e9vekben volt igaz\u00e1n jelent\u0151s. A rezidenciaprogramok \u00e1gazata, ahogy ma ismerj\u00fck, ezzel p\u00e1rhuzamosan v\u00e1lt elterjedtt\u00e9, \u00e9s a 90-es \u00e9vek v\u00e9g\u00e9re minden m\u0171v\u00e9sz sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st hozott. A mobilit\u00e1s exponenci\u00e1lisan n\u00f6vekedett, \u00e9s igen, mindez nyugat fel\u00e9 haladt, a fejlett infrastrukt\u00fara, a p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek, \u00e9s ami a legfontosabb, a k\u00f6zeg k\u00edv\u00e1ncsis\u00e1ga, valamint tanul\u00e1si \u00e9s \u00fajrafelhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge miatt. Ez nagy \u00e1talakul\u00e1st eredm\u00e9nyezett a nyugati kultur\u00e1lis rendszerekben, mivel a Nyugat a Keletn\u00e9l sokkal gyorsabban volt hajland\u00f3 tanulni. A keleti orsz\u00e1gokban hi\u00e1nyoztak a tud\u00e1stranszferre<\/em> vonatkoz\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9gek, \u00e9s ez j\u00f3r\u00e9szt m\u00e9g mindig \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes.<\/p>\n

Ugyanakkor nem minden mobilit\u00e1s volt k\u00edv\u00e1natos. A h\u00e1bor\u00fa k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben el\u0151\u00e1llt exjugoszl\u00e1v \u00e1llamokb\u00f3l hatalmas n\u00e9pess\u00e9g menek\u00fclt el, a t\u00fal\u00e9l\u00e9s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Ez egy eg\u00e9sz \u00e9vtizeden \u00e1t tartott, \u00e9s megmozgatta az embereket a vil\u00e1g minden t\u00e1j\u00e1n. Az \u00e9rintetteknek nem sok es\u00e9ly\u00fck volt arra, hogy megtarts\u00e1k a szakm\u00e1jukat: egyszer\u0171en egy \u00fajabb politikai d\u00f6nt\u00e9s elszenved\u0151i lettek. Ez\u00e9rt t\u0171nt fontosnak a m\u0171v\u00e9szet: lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette a m\u0171v\u00e9szeknek, hogy olyanok maradjanak, amilyenek, hogy megtarts\u00e1k a hivat\u00e1sukat \u00e9s m\u00e9g sikereket is el\u00e9rjenek a nyugati sz\u00ednt\u00e9ren. Lass\u00fa folyamat volt, de elindult, \u00e9s rem\u00e9nyt adott sokaknak.<\/p>\n

Egy kicsivel k\u00e9s\u0151bb az EU oktat\u00e1si rendszereinek egys\u00e9ges\u00edt\u00e9se, illetve a csereprogramok k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 szinteken t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa, m\u00e9g ink\u00e1bb el\u0151seg\u00edtette a fiatalabb gener\u00e1ci\u00f3k mobilit\u00e1s\u00e1t \u2013 mindez a 90-es \u00e9vekben elk\u00e9pzelhetetlen volt. A t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9sek egyik legink\u00e1bb elhanyagolt r\u00e9sze a kor\u00e1bban hi\u00e1nyz\u00f3 kelet-keleti kapcsolatok k\u00e9rd\u00e9se, sz\u00e1muk jelent\u0151s m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben n\u0151tt a 90-es \u00e9vekben. Ez egyike a hat\u00e1rnyit\u00e1s pozit\u00edv k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeinek, bizonyos \u00e9rtelemben tal\u00e1n fontosabb is, mint az olyannyira \u00e1h\u00edtott \u00faj kelet-nyugati kapcsolatok. A szaporod\u00f3 hat\u00e1rok megnyit\u00e1sa \u00f3ri\u00e1si v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st hozott sok volt kelet-eur\u00f3pai \u00e1llampolg\u00e1r sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sz\u00fcknek el\u0151sz\u00f6r ny\u00edlt lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge a k\u00fclf\u00f6ldre utaz\u00e1sra. Ma ez szinte elk\u00e9pzelhetetlen. \u00c9rdemes lehet \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtani a rom\u00e1niai Dan Perjovschi<\/span> mobilit\u00e1ssal kapcsolatos optimista \u00fatle\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1t a koszov\u00f3i Albert Heta<\/span> munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban \u00f6sszefoglalt tapasztalatokkal.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” el_class=”box-l20″ advanced_gradient_angle=”0″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-0 vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs” gradient_type=”default”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0 full-5-25″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”27006″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”full-img”][vc_column_text]\n

Dan Perjovschi: A berlini fal \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se,<\/em> 1999, falrajz, filctoll a falon, k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00e9retek<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0 full-5-25″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”27007″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”full-img”][vc_column_text]\n

Dan Perjovschi: Forradalom,<\/em> 2011, falrajz, fekete fest\u00e9k a falon, k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00e9retek<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

\u00c1J: <\/span>A 90-es \u00e9vekben nyugaton is meg\u00e9l\u00e9nk\u00fclt a figyelem a posztszocialista orsz\u00e1gok m\u0171v\u00e9szete ir\u00e1nt, amely azonban egy \u00e9vtized ut\u00e1n al\u00e1bbhagyott. Mely m\u0171v\u00e9szeknek siker\u00fclt m\u00e9gis \u00e1tt\u00f6r\u00e9st el\u00e9rni, tart\u00f3sabban megvetni a l\u00e1bukat a nyugati m\u0171v\u00e9szeti szc\u00e9n\u00e1ban, esetleg az aukci\u00f3s piacon, \u00e9s vajon mi\u00e9rt?<\/p>\n

JV:<\/span> Err\u0151l ak\u00e1r egy essz\u00e9t is \u00edrhatn\u00e9k, de r\u00f6viden \u00f6sszefoglalva: mindez sok t\u00e9nyez\u0151t\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u00f6tt. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny m\u0171v\u00e9sz tal\u00e1n nem azonnal, hanem csak t\u00edz-h\u00fasz \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb \u00e9rt el \u00e1tt\u00f6r\u00e9st a piacon. Egyesek nagyon sikeresek voltak a t\u00e1mogat\u00e1si piacon vagy a rezidensprogramokon \u2013 ezek lehet\u0151s\u00e9geib\u0151l \u00e9ltek \u2013, m\u00e1sok pedig a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si piacon \u00e9rtek el sikereket, de nem felt\u00e9tlen\u00fcl az els\u0151 vonalban. Ez a szem\u00e9lyis\u00e9gt\u0151l, a nyugati elv\u00e1r\u00e1sokkal szembeni vonzer\u0151t\u0151l, a m\u0171v\u00e9szt \u00e9rdekl\u0151 t\u00e9m\u00e1kt\u00f3l \u00e9s a szocialista m\u00faltt\u00f3l egyar\u00e1nt f\u00fcgg\u00f6tt. Nagyon er\u0151s elv\u00e1r\u00e1sok voltak a \u201enyugat\u201d fel\u0151l arra vonatkoz\u00f3an, milyennek kell lennie, mir\u0151l kell besz\u00e9lnie a \u201ekeleti\u201d m\u0171v\u00e9szetnek. Ez volt a trend, \u00e9s erre nem lehetett befoly\u00e1st gyakorolni. Tal\u00e1n t\u00falz\u00e1s lenne azt \u00e1ll\u00edtani, hogy nem az ars poetica volt a legfontosabb t\u00e9nyez\u0151, de \u00fagy gondolom, hogy a piac ezen el\u0151\u00edt\u00e9letek alapj\u00e1n kezdte el el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edteni a terepet. Mindez sokat v\u00e1ltozott az elm\u00falt harminc \u00e9vben. El\u0151sz\u00f6r is a piac is sokat alakult: kor\u00e1bban a kereskedelmi gal\u00e9ri\u00e1k \u00f6r\u00f6mmel mutatt\u00e1k be a m\u00fazeumok \u00e1ltal k\u00e9pviselt m\u0171v\u00e9szeket, ma pedig a m\u00fazeumok b\u00fcszk\u00e9k arra, hogyha a gal\u00e9ri\u00e1k \u00e1ltal k\u00e9pviselt m\u0171v\u00e9szeket mutathatj\u00e1k be. Ez azt is jelzi, hol van a p\u00e9nzmozg\u00e1s, \u00e9s hogyan alakulnak a trendek.<\/p>\n

Voltak sikert\u00f6rt\u00e9netek, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Alexandr Roitburd,<\/span> aki augusztus 8-\u00e1n, alig tizenk\u00e9t nappal a 90s: Scars<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s megnyit\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n hunyt el \u2013 m\u00e9g mindig neh\u00e9z elhinni. Ikonikus, Psychedelic Invasion of the Battleship Potyomkin into Sergey Eisenstein’s\u00a0Tautological Hallucinations<\/em> (A Patyomkin csatahaj\u00f3 pszichedelikus inv\u00e1zi\u00f3ja Szergej Eisenstein tautologikus hallucin\u00e1ci\u00f3iba, 1998) c\u00edm\u0171 vide\u00f3j\u00e1t, amely ezen a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1son is helyet kapott, \u00e9s az egyik legkor\u00e1bbi ukr\u00e1n vide\u00f3m\u0171, hamarosan eladt\u00e1k a MoMA-nak,3<\/span> \u00e9s a Velencei Bienn\u00e1l\u00e9n beker\u00fclt a Harald Szeemann<\/span> kur\u00e1lta Plateau of Humankind<\/em> (Az emberis\u00e9g fenns\u00edkja, 2001) ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra. K\u00e9s\u0151bb pedig a Goodbye Caravaggio<\/em> (Viszl\u00e1t Caravaggio, 2008) c\u00edm\u0171 festm\u00e9ny\u00e9vel megd\u00f6nt\u00f6tte a kort\u00e1rs ukr\u00e1n m\u0171vekre vonatkoz\u00f3 aukci\u00f3s rekordot. Voltak teh\u00e1t t\u00f6bb\u00e9-kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyos sikerek. \u00c9rdemes megn\u00e9zni a kelet-eur\u00f3pai m\u0171v\u00e9szeten alapul\u00f3 gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyeket \u2013 keleten vagy nyugaton \u2013, majd a neveket a 90s: Scars<\/em> ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1son, hogy h\u00e1nyan k\u00e9pviselt\u00e9k haz\u00e1jukat olyan bienn\u00e1l\u00e9kon, mint a velencei, vagy m\u00e1s ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokon, tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 az \u00f6n\u00e9letrajzukat. A sikerek sz\u00e1ma \u00f3ri\u00e1si, \u00e9s hossz\u00fa azoknak a list\u00e1ja is, akik nem szerepelnek ezen a t\u00e1rlaton, de h\u00edress\u00e9 v\u00e1ltak a m\u0171v\u00e9szeti piacon.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” el_class=”box-l20″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-0″][divider line_type=”Small Line” line_alignment=”default” line_thickness=”4″ divider_color=”extra-color-2″ custom_height=”20″ custom_line_width=”100″][vc_column_text]\n

3<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.moma.org\/collection\/works\/120284<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-cont-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”27012″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”full-img”][vc_column_text]\n

\u0160kart Csoport: Szomor\u00fas\u00e1gok,<\/em> 1992\u20131993, 10 poszter, 36\u00d755 cm; 3 cs\u00edk f\u00e9nyk\u00e9pekkel, 40\u00d755 cm; 33 szomor\u00fas\u00e1g kartonon, 8,5\u00d714 cm<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

\u00c1J:<\/span> A felsz\u00e1mol\u00f3d\u00e1s, a hi\u00e1ny, az \u00e1t\u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u0151d\u00e9s alakzatai, az identit\u00e1spolitikai k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek domin\u00e1lnak a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si anyagban. \u00d6n szerint is ezek a f\u0151 csap\u00e1sir\u00e1nyok? Melyik munk\u00e1t tartja a legink\u00e1bb emblematikusnak ilyen tekintetben?<\/p>\n

JV:<\/span> Tudatosan ker\u00fcl\u00f6m, hogy egy-egy m\u0171v\u00e9szt vagy m\u0171vet el\u0151t\u00e9rbe \u00e1ll\u00edtsak a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sr\u00f3l. Nekem, mint kur\u00e1tornak, a kiv\u00e1lasztott m\u0171vek \u2013 ennek a COVID-helyzet \u00e9s a k\u00f6lts\u00e9gvet\u00e9scs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s miatt reduk\u00e1lt v\u00e1logat\u00e1snak a darabjai \u2013 egys\u00e9get alkotnak. Ezek egy\u00fctt besz\u00e9lnek helyettem, a bemutatott konstell\u00e1ci\u00f3ban. M\u00e1s kontextusban, \u00e9s valaki m\u00e1s d\u00f6nt\u00e9sei nyom\u00e1n n\u00e9z\u0151k\u00e9nt vagy kritikusk\u00e9nt is besz\u00e9lhetek bizonyos m\u0171vekr\u0151l, de ebben az esetben a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s egy \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban vett egys\u00e9g. Az egyetlen saj\u00e1toss\u00e1g, amit megnevezhetek, hogy a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s egyes alkot\u00e1sai viszonylag \u00fajak \u00e9s frissek, \u00e9s m\u00e9gis: a 90-es \u00e9vek k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeir\u0151l besz\u00e9lnek. Hogy az \u00faj horizont tal\u00e1n a r\u00e9gi mint\u00e1kat \u00e9s probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat ism\u00e9tli meg, elgondolkodtat\u00f3, ami nagyon frusztr\u00e1l\u00f3 is \u2013 ez az egyik heg\u00fcnk. Horv\u00e1torsz\u00e1gban senki nem besz\u00e9l a j\u00f6v\u0151r\u0151l, mintha az nem is l\u00e9tezne a kollekt\u00edv tudatban. \u00c9s val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg ez a helyzet. Ha m\u00e9gis musz\u00e1j valamit kijel\u00f6lni: sz\u00e1momra az orig\u00f3t, a kiindul\u00f3pontot Slaven Tolj<\/span> horv\u00e1t m\u0171v\u00e9sz munk\u00e1i jelentik, de ez egy nagyon szem\u00e9lyes dolog, hiszen a saj\u00e1t 90-es \u00e9veimr\u0151l besz\u00e9lnek a m\u0171vek, \u00e9s azt mondj\u00e1k: ez a j\u00f6v\u0151, ami most van.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” el_class=”box-l20″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-0 vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0 full-5-15″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”27002″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”full-img”][vc_column_text]\n

Igor To\u0161evski: 96-os dosszi\u00e9,<\/em> 1996\u20132020, install\u00e1ci\u00f3, nagy\u00edtott sz\u00f3t\u00e1rbekezd\u00e9s kinyomtatva, a ready-made sz\u00f3 le\u00edr\u00e1sa, a kinagy\u00edtott m\u00e1solat kinyomtat\u00e1sa a dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3b\u00f3l, egy t\u00e1ny\u00e9r a Titov Veles-i gy\u00e1rb\u00f3l, 150\u00d7150 cm<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

\u00c1J:<\/span> R\u00e9szben a konceptualizmus t\u00e9rnyer\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nye, hogy a k\u00e9pz\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9szeti sz\u00f6veghaszn\u00e1lat eg\u00e9szen \u00faj form\u00e1i bontakoztak ki az 1960-as \u00e9vekt\u0151l. A t\u00e1rlaton Igor To\u0161evski<\/span> Dossier 96<\/span>-ja (96-os dosszi\u00e9, 1996\u20132020) Joseph Kosuth<\/span> alapm\u0171v\u00e9t, az One and Three Chairs<\/span>-t (Egy \u00e9s h\u00e1rom sz\u00e9k, 1965) is j\u00e1t\u00e9kba hozza. A ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00fcl sokan dolgoznak sz\u00f6vegekkel \u2013 ak\u00e1r k\u00f6zponti szerepbe helyezve azt, ak\u00e1r az \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s el\u0151seg\u00edt\u00e9se, elbonyol\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Antun Mara\u010di\u0107<\/span> Golden Words<\/span> (Arany szavak, 1991) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1j\u00e1nak tizenk\u00e9t elem\u00e9n fekete pap\u00edron t\u0171nnek fel az aranyl\u00f3 cirill bet\u0171s szavak, V\u00e1rnai Gyula<\/span> Aur\u00e1<\/span>ja (1994) a ruh\u00e1k k\u00f6rvonall\u00e1 rendez\u00e9s\u00e9vel a fal feh\u00e9rj\u00e9t, teh\u00e1t a hi\u00e1nyt teszi olvashat\u00f3v\u00e1, Dan Perjovschi<\/span> Berlin Wall Reconstruction<\/span> (A berlini fal \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se, 1999) \u00e9s Revolution<\/span> (Forradalom, 2011) c\u00edm\u0171 munk\u00e1i pedig provokat\u00edv, k\u00e9z\u00edr\u00e1sos falfeliratok. \u00c9rz\u00e9kel \u00e1tfog\u00f3bb meg\u00fajul\u00e1st az elm\u00falt \u00e9vtizedekben a sz\u00f6veghaszn\u00e1lati m\u00f3dok ter\u00e9n, esetleg region\u00e1lis saj\u00e1ts\u00e1gokat?<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” el_class=”box-l20″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-0 vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”full-5-15 p-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_phone=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”left-right” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”27003″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”none” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”full-img”][vc_column_text]\n

Antun Mara\u010di\u0107: Arany szavak,<\/em> 1991, aranysz\u00edn fekete pap\u00edron, 12\u00d770\u00d750 cm<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]JV:<\/span> Nem \u00e9rz\u00e9kelek. Ha valaki a jugoszl\u00e1viai kontextusban n\u0151tt fel, ahol a vizu\u00e1lis m\u0171v\u00e9szet n\u00e9ha sz\u00f6vegalap\u00fa volt, akkor ez nem lehetett neki \u00fajdons\u00e1g \u2013 a konceptualizmus jelen volt \u00e9s elfogadott\u00e1 v\u00e1lt itt a jugoszl\u00e1v id\u0151kben. Mindezt m\u00e1r 1994-ben \u2013 amikor az SCCA-Zagrebban dolgoztam \u2013 \u00f6sszefoglalta Branka Stipan\u010di\u0107<\/span> kur\u00e1tor, a t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti \u00e9s kort\u00e1rs sz\u00f6vegalap\u00fa m\u0171veket felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3, Words and Images<\/em> (Szavak \u00e9s k\u00e9pek) c\u00edm\u0171 ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban. Tiszt\u00e1ban vagyok vele, hogy a konceptualizmus \u00e1tt\u00f6r\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 dinamik\u00e1ja volt minden egyes m\u0171v\u00e9szeti k\u00f6zpont vagy \u00e1llam eset\u00e9n, elm\u00e9ly\u00fcl\u00e9s j\u00f6tt a szabads\u00e1g \u00e9s a rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k ter\u00e9n, de nem hiszem, hogy ez region\u00e1lis saj\u00e1toss\u00e1g.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” el_class=”box-l20″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-0 vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-cont-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”27008″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”full-img”][vc_column_text]\n

V\u00e1rnai Gyula: Aura,<\/em> 1994, a m\u0171v\u00e9sz ruh\u00e1i, install\u00e1ci\u00f3, 100\u00d7250 cm<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

\u00c1J:<\/span> A 90-es \u00e9vekben p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra ker\u00fcl\u0151 gener\u00e1ci\u00f3 tagjai az utols\u00f3k, akik m\u00e9g a szocializmus rendszer\u00e9ben n\u0151ttek fel \u00e9s ker\u00fcltek tev\u00e9keny kapcsolatba\u00a0a m\u0171v\u00e9szettel. Egy\u00fattal hossz\u00fa id\u0151 ut\u00e1n \u0151k az els\u0151k, akiket m\u00e1r nem fenyeget a hatalom \u2013 persze val\u00f3j\u00e1ban sajnos ez sem igaz teljesen. Mindenesetre mennyire \u00e9rezhet\u0151 a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1son szerepl\u0151k tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9n a szabads\u00e1g ereje, a f\u00e9lelem hi\u00e1nya?<\/p>\n

JV:<\/span> Szerencs\u00e9re a f\u00e9lelem hi\u00e1nya nem a legnagyobb trauma, de id\u0151be telik, am\u00edg megtanuljuk, hogyan kell f\u00e9lelem n\u00e9lk\u00fcl \u00e9lni, \u00e9s hogyan ne ismerj\u00fck fel a fenyeget\u00e9st megszok\u00e1sb\u00f3l mindenben. Ez egy tanult impulzus, amelynek megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9se id\u0151be telt. Nem tudok szem\u00e9lyes tapasztalatr\u00f3l sz\u00e1mot adni, mivel abb\u00f3l a Jugoszl\u00e1vi\u00e1b\u00f3l j\u00f6v\u00f6k, amely nem \u00e1llt a vasf\u00fcgg\u00f6ny m\u00f6g\u00f6tt, \u00e9s \u00edgy sok minden \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edthatatlanul k\u00f6nnyebb volt itt, mint m\u00e1shol, n\u00e9ha m\u00e9gis azon kapom magam, amikor fiatalokat tan\u00edtok, hogy \u00e9pp n\u00e9h\u00e1ny k\u00e9nyelmetlen korl\u00e1toz\u00e1st magyar\u00e1zok, amelyekkel egy\u00fctt kellett \u00e9ln\u00fcnk. N\u00e9zz\u00fck meg Vadim Zakharov<\/span> Kalinka<\/em> (2015) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9nek k\u00f6nnyeds\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s a sz\u00f6gesdr\u00f3tot, amely a szabads\u00e1g hi\u00e1ny\u00e1r\u00f3l besz\u00e9l, egy\u00fcttesen \u2013 olyan \u00e9l\u00e9nk, mint amilyennek l\u00e1tszik, \u00e9s ett\u0151l elfog az eml\u00e9kek h\u00e1nyingere.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” el_class=”box-l20″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-0 vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-cont-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”27010″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”full-img”][vc_column_text]\n

Vadim Zakharov: Kalinka,<\/em> 2015, falfestm\u00e9ny, sz\u00f6gesdr\u00f3t, fa, narancs, felirat, 51\u00d7500 cm<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

\u00c1J:<\/span> Az \u00fajabb m\u0171v\u00e9szgener\u00e1ci\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra jelentenek-e m\u00e9g valamit ezek a k\u00f6z\u00f6s kultur\u00e1lis traum\u00e1k?<\/p>\n

JV:<\/span> Nem tudom. Szeretn\u00e9m hinni, hogy a form\u00e1lis \u00e9s inform\u00e1lis oktat\u00e1s r\u00e9v\u00e9n megtanultak valamit ezekr\u0151l a traum\u00e1kr\u00f3l, de szinte biztos vagyok benne, hogy nem tanultak t\u00fal sokat, \u00e9s messze nem eleget. Ha \u00edgy lett volna, a n\u00e9z\u0151pontjuk m\u00e1sk\u00e9pp alakul. De pontosan ez motiv\u00e1lt arra, hogy l\u00e9trehozzam ezt a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st, legal\u00e1bbis az eredetileg tervezett v\u00e1ltozatot, amely nem val\u00f3sulhatott meg. \u00dagy gondolom, hogy a 90-es \u00e9vek fel\u00fclvizsg\u00e1lata csak most kezd\u0151d\u00f6tt el, \u00e9s sokkal jobban kell t\u00f6rekedn\u00fcnk arra, hogy \u00fagy \u00e9rt\u00e9kelj\u00fck ezt az id\u0151szakot, ahogyan kor\u00e1bban nem vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k. A kutat\u00e1s tov\u00e1bbra is a f\u0151szerepl\u0151k eml\u00e9keire t\u00e1maszkodik, amelyek nagyon fontosak, hiszen \u00e9letre keltik a korszak tan\u00fainak \u00e9s meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 alakjainak eml\u00e9keit, de nek\u00fcnk, a 90-es \u00e9veket \u00e1t\u00e9lt gener\u00e1ci\u00f3nak is sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge van arra, hogy \u00fajra \u00e1t\u00e9lj\u00fck azt, \u00e9s k\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9seket vonjunk le.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9seink n\u00e9lk\u00fcl \u2013 \u00e9s ez is id\u0151t vesz ig\u00e9nybe \u2013 a fiatalabb gener\u00e1ci\u00f3knak nem lesz es\u00e9lye tanulni, a mi felel\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00fcnk az ismeretek, eml\u00e9kek, le\u00edr\u00e1sok \u00e9s traum\u00e1k k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u00e9se. Ez\u00e9rt rem\u00e9lem, hogy sokkal t\u00f6bb ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s lesz a 90-es \u00e9vekr\u0151l, t\u00f6bb pozit\u00edv impulzussal, mint traumatikussal, \u00e9s hogy ez a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s, amely a Rijeka 2020<\/em> program4<\/span> maradv\u00e1nyak\u00e9nt \u00e9rt v\u00e9get, csak egy ezek k\u00f6z\u00fcl. Nagyon rem\u00e9lem, hogy t\u00f6bbet is l\u00e1thatok m\u00e9g, \u00e9s a Contemporary Art in Zagrebban5<\/span> \u00f6sszegy\u0171jt\u00f6tt \u2013 sokkal nagyobb \u2013 anyaggal hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulhatok azokhoz a k\u00eds\u00e9rletekhez, amelyek megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lj\u00e1k tiszt\u00e1zni ezt a rendk\u00edv\u00fcl fontos id\u0151szakot.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” el_class=”box-l20″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-0″][divider line_type=”Small Line” line_alignment=”default” line_thickness=”4″ divider_color=”extra-color-2″ custom_height=”20″ custom_line_width=”100″][vc_column_text]\n

4<\/p>\n

https:\/\/rijeka2020.eu\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n

5<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.msu.hr\/<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-cont-4-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”27011″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”full-img”][vc_column_text]\n

Vlasta Delimar: Igazs\u00e1gtalans\u00e1gok,<\/em> 1992, forg\u00e1cslap, tempera, \u00fcveg, fekete-feh\u00e9r vintage f\u00e9nyk\u00e9p, 40,5\u00d754,5 cm<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” class=”p-2-0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-17-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left-right” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” el_class=”p-2-1″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”]

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